Polar ocean stratification in a cold climate

Mars Polar Cold Spots Observed by Mro/mars Climate Sounder

Introduction: Using radiometric observations from the Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) during southern winter, we report evidence that polar cold spots (T b < 135 K) at Mars' south pole are correlated with tro-pospheric, optically thick clouds. In limb observations coincident with nadir measurements of low brightness temperature regions, clouds appear as radiation sources at typical altitudes of 20 –...

Health in a cold climate.

British economy is edging out of a severe economic recession, during which the future of international financial systems seemed in doubt. The scale of debt is comparable to that following the Second World War, and national borrowing is predicted to reach 80% of gross domestic product by 2013. We have suffered a permanent loss in national output of 6–7%. The inevitable reduction in funding for p...

Plants in a cold climate.

Plants are able to survive prolonged exposure to sub-zero temperatures; this ability is enhanced by pre-exposure to low, but above-zero temperatures. This process, known as cold acclimation, is briefly reviewed from the perception of cold, through transduction of the low-temperature signal to functional analysis of cold-induced gene products. The stresses that freezing of apoplastic water impos...

CCSM Polar Climate

The Polar Climate Working Group met in Santa Fe, New Mexico, to hear about new climate modeling studies and progress in model development. Several people from Los Alamos National Laboratory participated, who otherwise would not have attended. The meeting was sponsored jointly by the National Center for Atmospheric Research, the Climate, Ocean and Sea Ice Modeling Project at Los Alamos, and the ...

Fundamentals of Ocean Climate Models Fundamentals of Ocean Climate Models